science, the endless frontier citation

These institutions are uniquely qualified by tradition and by their special characteristics to carry on basic research. The function of such a civilian group would be primarily to conduct long-range scientific research on military problems - leaving to the Services research on the improvement of existing weapons. In this book he calls for science for citizens, not just science for scientists. It results in general knowledge and an understanding of nature and its laws. Between World War I and World War II the United States overtook all other nations in medical research and assumed a position of world leadership. VI. There should now be permanent civilian activity to supplement the research work of the Services in other scientific fields so as to carry on in time of peace some part of the activities of the emergency war-time Office of Scientific Research and Development. Division of Scientific Personnel and Education. In addition, a detailed study, with recommendations concerning the extent to which modifications should be made in our patent laws is currently being made under the leadership of the Secretary of Commerce. I. - 1. A new agency should be established, therefore, by the Congress for the purpose. 4 Citations. They are charged with the responsibility of conserving the knowledge accumulated by the past, imparting that knowledge to students, and contributing new knowledge of all kinds. More and better scientific research is essential to the achievement of our goal of full employment. There are talented individuals in every segment of the population, but with few exceptions those without the means of buying higher education go without it. We have been living on our fat. In the last 40 years life expectancy in the United States has increased from 49 to 65 years largely as a consequence of the reduction in the death rates of infants and children; in the last 20 years the death rate from the diseases of childhood has been reduced 87 percent. On the wisdom with which we bring science to bear against the problems of the coming years depends in large measure our future as a nation. Author (s) Praise 18. CHAPTER 6. In planning the release of scientific data and experience collected in connection with the war, we must not overlook the fact that research has gone forward under many auspices -- the Army, the Navy, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, other departments and agencies of the Government, educational institutions, and many industrial organizations. Figure 4 shows that all included studies presented low risk of bias to 'baseline characteristics,' but no study presented low risk of bias to 'allocation concealment,' 'random housing,' 'blinding for intervention,' or 'random outcome assessment.' Only one study presented low risk of bias to 'sequence generation.' The time has come when such support should be extended to other fields. IV. The event was held in partnership with The Kavli Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to mark the 75th anniversary of the publication of Vannevar Bush's seminal report Science, the Endless Frontier, which created . "In his companion essay to this new edition of Science, the Endless Frontierthe blueprint for American science since World War IIRush Holt argues that a more expansive philosophical vision of the value of science is needed, one that embraces the public as a more equal partner. National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA Tel: (703) 292-5111, FIRS: (800) 877-8339 | TDD: (800) 281-8749, National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin, Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE), Environmental Research and Education (ERE), International Science and Engineering (OISE), Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), Technology, Innovation and Partnerships (TIP), Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG), Award Statistics (Budget Internet Info System), National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU), Proposal & Award Policies Procedures Guide (PAPPG). Second are the infectious diseases, and third is cancer. Security Restrictions Should Be Lifted Promptly. Increasing specialization of science will make it more important than ever that scientists in this country keep continually ahead of developments abroad. Science made that possible, too. Optimizing the level of renewable electric R&D expenditures using real options . The Armed Services should comb their records for men who, prior to or during the war, have given evidence of talent for science, and make prompt arrangements, consistent with current discharge plans, for ordering those who remain in uniform as soon as militarily possible to duty at institutions here and overseas where they can continue their scientific education. 5. He layers historical context with a deeper examination of publicly funded science, and he challenges the scientific community to be more inclusive. Using the citation data from 45 million manuscripts and 3.9 million patents, the researchers calculated a measure of disruptiveness, called the 'CD index', in which values ranged from -1 for the least . Research Impact Series:Understanding Research Metrics. Except to the extent that military security dictates otherwise, such knowledge should be spread upon the record for the benefit of the general public. . Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to sciences very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government.This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. SCIENCE, THE ENDLESS FRONTIER AT 75. EPUB or PDF. We will update our FAQ page when it becomes available. It is wholly probable that progress in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer, and similar refractory diseases will be made as the result of fundamental discoveries in subjects unrelated to those diseases, and perhaps entirely unexpected by the investigator. Freedom of inquiry must be preserved under any plan for Government support of science in accordance with the Five Fundamentals listed on page 26. Rush Holt offers incisive reflections on Bushs blind spots and bold plan, making this the definitive edition for our era.Angela N. H. Creager, Princeton University, "Vannevar Bushs Science, the Endless Frontier had an immense influence on the development of US science and technology as forces for public good. Policy for the Endless Frontier: "Origins and Ambitions of the CHIPS and Science Act". "John Holdren, Harvard University and former chief science advisor to President Obama, "With the reissue of Science, the Endless Frontier, I am once more struck by the majesty of Vannevar Bushs vision for the role of science. We have given much thought to the question of how plans for the use of Federal funds may be arranged so that such funds will not drive out of the picture funds from local governments, foundations, and private donors. Almost all Government scientific work has ultimate practical objectives but, in many fields of broad national concern, it commonly involves long-term investigation of a fundamental nature. Budget. Articles Find articles in journals, magazines, newspapers, and more; Catalog Explore books, music, movies, and more; Databases Locate databases by title and description; Journals Find journal titles; UWDC Discover digital collections, images, sound recordings, and more; Website Find information on spaces, staff, services, and more . Special Authority. This book could not be more timely, and I hope every scientist, and anyone who cares about America will heed Holts call for a powerful new integration of science in our public life. II. The abuses should be corrected. V-2 was countered only by the capture of the launching sites. Others with capacity for scientific education went to war after finishing high school. This has always been true and is likely to remain so. In achieving these results, the Government has provided over-all coordination and support; it has not dictated how the work should be done within any cooperating institution. View All. The Government would be well advised to invest the money involved in this plan even if the benefits to the nation were thought of solely -- which they are not -- in terms of national preparedness. They are the wellsprings of knowledge and understanding. The Congress is now considering legislation to provide funds for this Board by direct appropriation. Our population increased from 75 million to 130 million between 1900 and 1940. Government Relations to Science -- Past and Future. CHAPTER 5. These principles are as follows: (1) Whatever the extent of support may be, there must be stability of funds over a period of years so that long-range programs may be undertaken. Learn more about ebooks and audio from Princeton University Press. Directions, Princeton Asia (Beijing) Consulting Co., Ltd. Now elevated and updated by the brilliant writing of former congressman Rush Holt, an unmatched champion for the advancement of science, this book is a forceful declaration of the value of science for our democracy and a ringing call to action for policymakers and the American people alike. Plans for release of such information should be coordinated with our allies to minimize danger of international friction which would result from sporadic uncontrolled release. Scientific Progress Is Essential. Publication: Science. Together, Bush and Holt give us a roadmap for US science today. Adding a needed retrospective, Rush Holts companion essay calls for a more robust conversation among STEM researchers, social scientists, and the public, and strongly resonates with my experiences in public policy. With his insightful introduction to this landmark work, Rush Holt sets forth a persuasive case that a new science policy is vital, not only to our research infrastructure, but also to our very democracy. It is the special province of the medical schools and universities to foster medical research in this way -- a duty which cannot be shifted to government agencies, industrial organizations, or to any other institutions. Science and the great practical genius of this nation made this achievement possible. After a program is under way perhaps 20 million dollars a year can be spent effectively. Much medical progress, for example, will come from fundamental advances in chemistry. There is one other matter which requires special mention. Science, the endless frontier; a report to the President on a program for postwar scientific research. Callon, M. 1986. There should be an administrative office responsible to the director to handle in one place the fiscal, legal, personnel, and other similar administrative functions necessary to the accomplishment of the purposes of the Foundation. "Kaye G. Husbands Fealing, Georgia Institute of Technology, "This is the welcome revival of arguably the most important document in the history of US science policy. CHAPTER 3. It is my view that most of the remainder of the classified scientific material should be released as soon as there is ground for belief that the enemy will not be able to turn it against us in this war. The procedures currently followed within the Government for recruiting, classifying and compensating such personnel place the Government under a severe handicap in competing with industry and the universities for first-class scientific talent. Purposes. Hoorah for Holt, for having the courage to take on this important, timely issue. They stimulate new invention and they make it possible for new industries to be built around new devices or new processes. There are brains and character, strength and health, happiness and spiritual vitality, interest and motivation, and no one knows what else, that must needs enter into this supra-mathematical calculus. "Alondra Nelson, president of the Social Science Research Council, "Rush Holts essay on Science, the Endless Frontier celebrates science discovery and the democratization of science. Improvement in the teaching of science is imperative; for students of latent scientific ability are particularly vulnerable to high school teaching which fails to awaken interest or to provide adequate instruction. 20 as a III. We think it much the best plan, in this constitutional Republic, that opportunity be held out to all kinds and conditions of men whereby they can better themselves. A study in the premier science journal notes the long term falling off of truly original findings, as opposed to endless citations of others' findings. Progress in combating disease depends upon an expanding body of new scientific knowledge. It should be drafted with great care. The search for better anti-malarials, which proceeded at a moderate tempo for many years, has been accelerated enormously by Government support during the war. In 1939 millions of people were employed in industries which did not even exist at the close of the last war -- radio, air conditioning, rayon and other synthetic fibers, and plastics are examples of the products of these industries. Save Cancel CONTENTS Preface 1: Introduction 2: Pathways to Leadership Then and Now 3: Responding to an Evolving Research Enterprise 4: Science and the Public 5: Science and Philanthropy One of the most important factors affecting the amount of industrial research is the income-tax law. The Foundation here proposed has been described only in outline. Science, the Endless Frontier (2021 edition) | Open Library Announcing Yearly Reading Goals: Learn More or Set your 2023 goal Science, the Endless Frontier Vannevar Bush, Rush Holt Not in Library Want to Read 1 2 3 4 5 Better World Books More When you buy books using these links the Internet Archive may earn a small commission. It would be folly to set up a program under which research in the natural sciences and medicine was expanded at the cost of the social sciences, humanities, and other studies so essential to national well-being. Businessmen would thus be able to make more use of research than they now do. Subject to the direction and supervision of the Foundation Members (acting as a board), the director should discharge all the fiscal, legal, and administrative functions of the Foundation. A PROBLEM OF SCIENTIFIC RECONVERSION Today, advances in public health, shared prosperity, and scientific understanding are more important than ever. Basic research is performed without thought of practical ends. The other is to provide for preparation of the material and its publication in a form and at a price which will facilitate dissemination and use. Hence Government, like industry, is dependent on the colleges, universities, and research institutes to expand the basic scientific frontiers and to furnish trained scientific investigators. Alert. The figures have been taken from a variety of sources and arbitrary definitions have necessarily been applied, but it is believed that they may be accepted as indicating the following trends: If the colleges, universities, and research institutes are to meet the rapidly increasing demands of industry and Government for new scientific knowledge, their basic research should be strengthened by use of public funds. This general knowledge provides the means of answering a large number of important practical problems, though it may not give a complete specific answer to any one of them. b/w, a candid image of Rust addressing an outdoor crowd, boldly signed. To satisfy these considerations I recommend the establishment of a Board, made up equally of scientists and military men, whose function would be to pass upon the declassification and to control the release for publication of scientific information which is now classified. Office of scientific rese. The establishment of the new agency, including a civilian military research group, should not be delayed by the existence of the Research Board for National Security, which is a temporary measure. Don't Bite the Sun by Tanith Lee (1977) The unnamed narrator and the other human inhabitants of the desert world's three cities are free to enjoy virtually every creature comfort they can . To review and balance the financial requirements of the several Divisions and to propose to the President the annual estimate for the funds required by each Division. Basic scientific research should not, therefore, be placed under an operating agency whose paramount concern is anything other than research. Much of the scientific research done by Government agencies is intermediate in character between the two types of work commonly referred to as basic and applied research. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of sciences value for democracy and society at large.A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential ofscience. Much of the information and experience acquired during the war is confined to the agencies that gathered it. Download PDF. . CHAPTER 2. The function of applied research is to provide such complete answers. From October 6 - November 10, 2022. . Download citation. Legislation is necessary. It creates the fund from which the practical applications of knowledge must be drawn. This is particularly so since the measure of a successful research contract lies not in the dollar cost but in the qualitative and quantitative contribution which is made to our knowledge. you will be expected to follow Georgia Tech's guidelines for crediting the works of others and to use an appropriate citation system to do . Recommendation of arrangements with State and local authorities in regard to cooperation in a program of science scholarships and fellowships. Scientific progress. In this country the increase has been accompanied by more abundant food supply, better living, more leisure, longer life, and better health. It's one thing to have equations describing the way a single molecule of water behaves. For every 1,000 students in the fifth grade, 600 are lost to education before the end of high school, and all but 72 have ceased formal education before completion of college. (4) Support of basic research in the public and private colleges, universities, and research institutes must leave the internal control of policy, personnel, and the method and scope of the research to the institutions themselves. There should certainly not be any absolute requirement that all rights in such discoveries be assigned to the Government, but it should be left to the discretion of the director and the interested Division whether in special cases the public interest requires such an assignment. Many had begun their studies before they went to war. However, two decades into the 21. st century, the global environment for leveraging . Here is a tremendous waste of the greatest resource of a nation -- the intelligence of its citizens. In providing government support, however, we must endeavor to preserve as far as possible the private support of research both in industry and in the colleges, universities, and research institutes. 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